The supplying of air motion in a space by circulation or by moving air through the space. Ventilation may be produced by any combination of natural or mechanical supply and exhaust. Suchsystems may include partial treatment such as heating, humidity control, filtering or purification, and, in some cases, evaporative cooling. More complete treatment of the air is generally calledair conditioning. See Air conditioning
Natural ventilation may be provided by wind force, convection, or a combination of the two. Although largely supplanted by mechanical ventilation and air conditioning, natural ventilation still iswidely used in homes, schools, and commercial and industrial buildings.
Mechanical supply ventilation may be of the central type consisting of a central fan system with distributing ducts serving a large space or a number of spaces, or of the unitary type with little orno ductwork, serving a single space or a portion of large space. Outside air connections are generally provided for all ducted systems. Outside air is needed in controlled quantities to removeodors and to replace air exhausted from the various building spaces and equipment.
Exhaust ventilation is required to remove odors, fumes, dust, and heat from an enclosed occupied space. Such exhaust may be of the natural variety or may be mechanical by means of roof orwall exhaust fans or mechanical exhaust systems. The mechanical systems may have minimal ductwork or none at all, or may be provided with extensive ductwork which is used to collectlocalized hot air, gases, fumes, or dust from process operations. Where it is possible to do so, the process operations are enclosed or hooded to provide maximum collection efficiency with theminimum requirement of exhaust air.
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