If the declared

Where Tj is the outdoor (bin) temperature and Tdesign is the lower temperature limit of the selected climate.
If the declared capacities of a unit matching with the required heating/ cooling demand the corresponding COP/EER value is to be used. This may occur with staged capacity or variable speed capacity units. If the declared capacity is higher than the heating/cooling loads, the unit has to cycle on/off. Then a degradation factor (Cd (air/air or Water/air) or Cc (others)) has to be used to calculate the corresponding COP/EER values. Cd and Cc can be determined by testing; else a default value of 0.25 and 0.9 respectively is used.  
The bivalent temperature, which is the lowest temperature when the heat pump can deliver 100% of the heat demand of the building, is necessary to use the excel sheet. The design heat demand of the building is a consequence of the stated bivalent temperature. The reference annual heating demand, kWh/a, is given by the product of the full load in heating Pdesign and the equivalent number of heating hours.  
The operation limit of the heat pump is set to the lower temperature limit for which the heat pump can operat

Introduction

Introduction The existing calculation tools for 1) design and 2) comparison need to be further developed to show the potential with new technology such as capacity controlled systems and more efficient system for combined operation with space heating and domestic hot water production. The overall aim is to develop existing tools for future needs. The outcome from the calculation tools should be useable for calculation of environmental impact. The purpose is to compare existing tools for calculation of seasonal performance factor and annual energy savings in order to propose needs for further development. For validation of the calculation tools existing data from laboratory and field measurements will be used. Seasonal Performance Factor, SPF, is a term used mainly for real installations, compared to the Coefficient of performance, COP, which is evaluated in controlled lab environment. How SPF is estimated depends on the situation under which it is evaluated, see Figure 1 below

shows an air supply

Figure 5 shows an air supply duct arrangement to distribute the 2137 cubic foot per minute air flow to the rooms of the building in proportion to the heat gain in each room.  The flow quantities are shown at each outlet diffuser. Since the pressure available is .2 inches of water and the pressure loss at each outlet diffuser is assumed .04 inches, there is .16 inches of water pressure for the ducts.  The ducts will be sized to make the total pressure loss equal in each run.  Lengths of each duct segment are shown in feet.  Additional length must be added to each run to account for losses in elbows and the entrance at the air handler.  From Reference 2 the entrance is found to be equal to 10 feet of straight duct and the elbows equal to 35 feet. Duct sizes will be found for round and rectangular shapes.  Equivalent round and rectangular ducts can be found in Reference 1 or online at the website

Aguide listof

Aguide listof tests to perform mightinclude the following: •What are the symptoms? The study should specify the type of discomfort experienced by occupants,such temperature,dust,smells etc.Their reactions require analysis to identify the cause ofdiscomfort. •Where and when does the problem occur? The frequency of problem needs to be identified,intermittentor constant,to detectthe contamination source. •How is the building maintained? •How is air distribution managed? Is itefficientand with sufficientair replacement? • Are the air handling units working correctly? Equipment needs to be inspected to determine if batteries, filters and humidity systems work correctly and are properly maintained. Excessive humidity is especially relevant. •Is supply air properly filtered? Are fans positioned correctly? •Are there any irregular indoor contamination sources? • Is building use consistent with that intend in the initial design? It is important to check that decoration materials,furniture and working material (printing and copying machines for instance) arenotasourceofexcessivecontamination.
Although Indoor Air Quality issues are usually due to some of the above,contaminated ducts can also be a sourceofproblems.Thatis why the interior of the ducts has to be carefully inspected.
However,two importantpoints should be noted:
•Mould will notdevelop inside ducts unless specific conditions of dirtand humidity exist. •Adustlayer may occur on the inner surface (in contactwith airflow) of all types of ducts,including metal ones.However,if the inspection reveals the presence of more than a thin layer,itis time to clean the duct.
Personal Protection
During inspection the HVAC system should be switched off.To prevent potential exposure of the building’soccupants todirtor cleaning products,the cleaning teams have to proceed with caution (and whilstatwork,wear gloves,eye protection and masks).

After the stable

After the stable reading the display will show “PASS” then revert to the
weighing mode. If the calibration does not pass the display will show “FAIL”
and shut off.
7) The calibration is now finished. If the calibration is correct, the display will
show the weight value.
NOTE: If the calibration fails retry, if it still fails then there may be damage to the
mechanics or an issue with the power. If you do not follow the procedures in a
timely manner the machine will automatically switch off and the calibration will
not be accepted. 6 | P a g e © Adam Equipment Company 2013
7.0 TROUBLE SHOOTING

Volume and Pressure of Air

Volume and Pressure of Air
The amount of air available to provide comfort to the rooms is determined by the equipment
selected to meet the loads of the house. In energy efficient houses with lower loads, properly
selected equipment will have less capacity to supply air, and the performance of the system is
dependent upon making the best use of the available air. The volume of air the equipment is
rated to deliver is determined at a specific pressure. Every item, including the ductwork used in
the airway, adds to the pressure loss within the system.
2.1.2 Ductwork Materials and Configuration
The ductwork that is used to achieve the delivery of air from the equipment to the room can have
a great impact on comfort in the room. The capacity of a duct to carry air is affected by the
resistance within the duct. Typical materials used to make up ductwork are galvanized steel that
can be formed into round or rectangular shapes, foil-faced fiberglass duct board that can be
formed into angular shapes in the field, or an insulated flexible fabric round duct. Due to the
varying friction factors of the different materials, the type of material must be considered in the
design process. Increased friction or duct length adds to the total pressure loss. Galvanized steel
material ductwork has a lower friction rate than that of flexible duct due to the smoother inside
surface of the steel duct; therefore, the fittings chosen will have a greater impact on friction
losses in the system. Because air travels easiest in a straight line, a turn in the ductwork will
increase the effective length of the duct by more than just the physical length of the turn. For
example, a 90° bend will add as much as 35 additional feet of effective length to a duct run,
depending on the construction of the ducts. Effective length values for common fittings are listed
in Appendix 3 of ACCA Manual D (Rutkowski 2009).

Fire closures

Fire closures of multi-blade design may be accepted provided they meet at least the following
design criteria:
 The fire closure shall consist of not more than 5 single plates, whereas the clear height of each plate
should be at least 20 % of the total clear height of the damper but not less than 200 mm.
 Each damper plate should have an overlap of at least 5 % of its height.
 A circumferential resting bar should be provided.
 Each damper plate should have a thickness depending on its cross section as specified in Table 1.2.
 The construction should be of robust design to avoid vibrations.
Prior to installation, drawings showing construction details of the multi blade fire closure have to be submitted
for approval. The construction is to be tested to the satisfaction of a GL Surveyor.
Special attention shall be paid to a regular service of the multi-blade fire closures.

Fire closures,

Fire closures/dampers
D.4.1 Fire closures at main inlets and outlets
D.4.1.1 The main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems shall be capable of being closed from
outside the spaces being ventilated. The means of closing shall be easily accessible as well as prominently
and permanently marked and shall indicate whether the shut-off is open or closed.
D.4.1.2 Fire closures at ventilation inlets and outlets located at outside boundaries need not be of approved
type.
D.4.1.3 Fire closures, which are not of approved type, are to comply with the following requirements:
 The thickness of steel fire closures is shown in the following Table 1.2.
 If measures to increase the strength are taken, the thickness may be reduced with agreement of GL.
The construction of approved closures shall comply with the tested ones.
 The means of control is to be capable of being locked in open and closed position.
 When shut, the fire closures shall have close contact with a steel strip throughout their circumference.
All closures shall be easily accessible and capable of being operated easily and safely.
 Hinges and bearings of the fire closures are to be largely maintenance-free and easily accessible for
inspections and repairs.
 The controls and the "open" and "closed” position of the fire closures are to be clearly and permanently
marked.
 Power-driven controls and remote operated controls for fire closures must be provided with a second,
independent power-operating system or manual control operable from a safe position outside
the space to be protected or the closures are to be of fail safe type

Weathertight closing appliances

Weathertight closing appliances
D.3.1 Inlet and exhaust openings of ventilation systems are to be provided with easily accessible
closing appliances, which can be closed weathertight against wash of the sea. In ships of less than 100 m
in length, the closing appliances are to be permanently attached. In ships exceeding 100 m in length, they
may be conveniently stowed near the openings to which they belong.
D.3.2 For ventilator posts which exceed 4.5 m in height above the freeboard deck or raised quarterdeck
and above exposed superstructure decks forward of 0.25 L from F.P. and for ventilator posts exceeding
2.3 m in height above exposed superstructure decks abaft 0.25 L from F.P. closing appliances are
required in special cases only.
D.3.3 For the case of fire draught-tight fire dampers are to be fitted.
D.3.4 Weathertight closing appliances for all ventilators are to be of steel or other equivalent materials.
Wood plugs and canvas covers are not acceptable in these positions.
D.3.5 Closing appliances are to be examined and tested for weathertightness by water jet (from a
12.5 mm dia. nozzle and a minimum hydrostatic pressure of 2.0 bar from a distance of 1.5 m).
D.3.6 For special strength requirements for fore deck fittings, see D.2.2.
D.3.7 Rotating type mushroom ventilator heads are unsuitable for application in the areas defined in

Strength requirement

Strength requirements for ventilator pipes and their closing devices
D.2.2.4.1 Bending moments and stresses in ventilator pipes are to be calculated at critical positions: at
penetration pieces, at weld or flange connections, at toes of supporting brackets. Bending stresses in the
net section are not to exceed 0.8  y, where y is the specified minimum yield stress or 0.2 % proof stress
of the steel at room temperature. Irrespective of corrosion protection, a corrosion addition to the net section
of 2.0 mm is then to be applied.
D.2.2.4.2 For standard ventilators of 900 mm height closed by heads of not more than the tabulated projected
area, pipe thicknesses and bracket heights are specified in Table 1.1. Where brackets are required,
three or more radial brackets are to be fitted.
Brackets are to be of gross thickness 8 mm or more, of minimum length 100 mm, and height according to
Table 1.1 but need not extend over the joint flange for the head. Bracket toes at the deck are to be suitably
supported.

Minimum coaming heigh

Minimum coaming height [mm] for ventilators according to LLC 66 as amended
D.2.1.5 The thickness of ventilator posts shall be at least equal to the thickness of coaming as per
D.2.1.4.
D.2.1.6 The wall thickness of ventilator posts of a clear sectional area exceeding 1600 cm2 is to be
increased according to the expected loads.
D.2.1.7 Generally, the coamings and posts shall pass through the deck and shall be welded to the
deck plating from above and below. Where coamings or posts are welded onto the deck plating, fillet
welds subject of GL Rules for Hull Structures (I-1-1), Section 19, B.3.3 shall be adopted for welding inside
and outside.
D.2.1.8 Coamings and posts particularly exposed to wash of sea are to be efficiently connected with
the ship's structure.
D.2.1.9 Coamings of a height exceeding 900 mm are to be specially strengthened.
D.2.1.10 Where the thickness of the deck plating is less than 10 mm, a doubling plate or insert plate of
10 mm thickness is to be fitted. Their side lengths are to be equal to twice the length or breadth of the
coaming.
D.2.1.11 Where beams are pierced by ventilator coamings, carlings of adequate scantlings are to be
fitted between the beams in order to maintain the strength of the deck.

Ventilator coamings

Ventilator coamings
D.2.1 General requirements
D.2.1.1 The height of the ventilator coamings on the exposed freeboard deck, quarter deck and on
exposed superstructure decks in the range 0.25 L from F.P. is to be at least 900 mm, see Fig. 1.1.
D.2.1.2 On exposed superstructure decks abaft 0.25 L from F.P. the coaming height is not to be less
than 760 mm.
D.2.1.3 Ventilators of cargo holds are not to have any connection with other spaces.
D.2.1.4 The thickness of the coaming plates is to be 7.5 mm where the clear opening sectional area of
the ventilator coamings is 300 cm2 or less, and 10 mm where the clear opening sectional area exceeds
1600 cm2. Intermediate values are to be determined by direct interpolation. A thickness of 6 mm will generally
be sufficient within not permanently closed superstructures.

Special strength

Special strength requirements for fore deck fittings
D.2.2.1 General
The following strength requirements are to be observed to resist green sea forces acting on ventilator
pipes and their closing devices located within the forward quarter length.
D.2.2.2 Application
These Rules apply to all ship types of seagoing service of length 80 m or more, where the height of the
exposed deck, within the forward 0.25 L, in way of the item is less than 0.1 L or 22 m above the summer
load waterline, whichever is the lesser.Rules I Ship Technology
Part 1 Seagoing Ships
Chapter 21 Ventilation
Section 1 Ventilation
Edition 2014 Germanischer Lloyd Page 1–7
D.2.2.3 Applied loading for ventilator pipes and their closing devices
D.2.2.3.1 The pressures p [kN/m2] acting on ventilator pipes and their closing devices may be calculated
from: